The article discusses methods for improving the physical-mechanical and physical-chemical characteristics of synthetic diamond grinding powders of low strength to obtain homogeneous in strength by flotation separation into foam and chamber products. It is shown that the research provided the development of technological methods for obtaining diamond grinding powders. The research was conducted on diamond grinding powders of the AC20 brand with a grain size of 100/80. As a result of flotation separation, foam product powders were obtained, have a 5.2% higher strength index under static compression and a 1.9-fold uniformity in strength, a 2-fold decrease in the specific magnetic susceptibility index and an increase in the specific electrical resistance index by 3 orders of magnitude, a 2.2-fold decrease in the mass fraction of impurities (in the form of non-combustible residueі), and a 1.4-fold decrease in the hydrophilicity index (in terms of the free energy of saturation with water vapour). Three groups of diamond grinding powders of the AC20 brand diamond grinding powders with 100/80 grain size (initial, chamber and foamy) were used in the manufacture of diamond grinding wheels for the shape size 12A2–45° 125 × 5 × 3 × 32 on a B2–08 polymer bond with a relative concentration of diamonds in the working layer in 100%. It is established in terms of wear resistance of a diamond wheel, foamy flotation sorting of diamond grinding powder is the most effective. Furthermore, this efficiency increases with an increase in grinding productivity. Thus, at a grinding productivity of 200 mm3/min. in wear resistance the increase is 1.13 times compared to the initial wheel 1.76 times at 400 mm3/min. While the use of diamonds from their chamber flotation sorting is guaranteed to increase wheel wear relative to the use of initial diamonds.