Ultrasonography, color Doppler imaging, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are the most important imaging modalities for the clinician in the field of orbital oncology. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive, simple, fast, and economical imaging technique that can detect an orbital lesion before deciding if further evaluation with CT or MRI is necessary. However, it is limited by the requirement of skilled operators and by the limited penetration of the deeper regions of the orbit at energy levels acceptable for the retina. CT provides excellent detail of the globes, orbital soft tissues, and bony orbit and has an established role in the evaluation of orbital trauma, infection, and space-occupying lesions. Although CT and MR studies are complementary, MRI provides superior soft tissue contrast. Its multiplanar capability with outstanding tissue contrast and the absence of ionizing radiation make MRI an especially suitable technique for imaging orbital structures. Moreover, the superficial location of the eye and eyelids permits the use of surface coils, which improve the display of anatomic details. The space-based approach is a common framework used by radiologists to describe and categorize orbital tumors. Lesions can be further classified based on appearance into one of seven radiological patterns (well-circumscribed solid, ill-defined solid, circumscribed cystic, enlarged optic nerve, enlarged lacrimal gland, enlarged extraocular muscles, and anomalies of the bony orbit) to obtain a reliable differential diagnosis.