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Since in 1984, when VUR induced in piglets was successfully corrected by the subureteric injection of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) paste, the endoscopic subureteric injection has been used successfully to treat primary and secondary VUR in children, radically changed the management of VUR in this large group of patients. Due to the high risk of granuloma formation, new tissues augmenting substances have been appeared: dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (Dx-HA) copolymer and polyacrylate-polyalcohol copolymer (PPC) are the most commonly used bulking agents in the endoscopic treatment of VUR nowdays.

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Tissue Augmenting Substances for the Endoscopic Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Ciro Esposito,
  • Fulvia Del Conte,
  • Maria Escolino

摘要

Since in 1984, when VUR induced in piglets was successfully corrected by the subureteric injection of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) paste, the endoscopic subureteric injection has been used successfully to treat primary and secondary VUR in children, radically changed the management of VUR in this large group of patients. Due to the high risk of granuloma formation, new tissues augmenting substances have been appeared: dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (Dx-HA) copolymer and polyacrylate-polyalcohol copolymer (PPC) are the most commonly used bulking agents in the endoscopic treatment of VUR nowdays.