This chapter covers the concept of political advertising, a retrospective documentation of political advertising in Nigeria, the issue of credibility, government information machinery, people’s parliament, government/media relationship and press freedom. It was established that the institutional framework for political advertising and public affairs management plays a critical role in shaping the strategies, ethics and regulatory boundaries within which political communication operates. The chapter therefore explores the structures, policies and oversight mechanisms governing political advertising and the management of public affairs, with emphasis on transparency, accountability and democratic engagement. It analyses the roles of electoral commissions, regulatory bodies, media organizations and political consultants in ensuring fair practices, especially during election cycles. It examines the impact of legal provisions, campaign finance laws, media regulations on the conduct of political campaigns and public relations activities, and highlights the need for robust institutional frameworks to manage misinformation, protect electoral integrity and promote informed public discourse as contribution to a deeper understanding of how institutional arrangements shape the practice and perception of political advertising and public affairs management.