Understanding temperature–precipitation–vegetation interaction is very important for designing adaptation and mitigation measures for terrestrial ecosystems under climate change (CC) scenarios in the eastern Himalaya. Many studies have been carried out in the past on the spatial pattern of precipitation–temperature–vegetation correlations. In this genre, a comprehensive investigation of spatio-seasonal patterns of vegetation response to temperature–precipitation anomalies in the Brahmaputra River Basin (BRB) was performed. To support this, multi-sensor satellite-derived processed datasets were retrieved from the NASA-Earthdata Giovanni web portal, which provided a vegetation index and climatic information for the years 2000–2019. Therefore, this chapter has specific focuses with the aim is to examine in detail what specific factors, climatic or biogeographic are responsible for the spatio-temporal patterns of precipitation–temperature–vegetation changes. The results show that BRB’s are strongly affected by Skin Surface temperature (STskin) and precipitation anomalies. More importantly, at the basin level, the spatio-temporal distribution of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)-precipitation correlations is closely related to the vegetation changes. To justify this phenomena, Mann–Kendall test was applied to get the trend of the data and observed NDVI has an increasing trend. The outputs from this study is found effective for the sustainable practices of the terrestrial ecosystem, hydrological and water resources of the BRB.