This chapter examines the concept of decent work as both a demand and a resource, in light of the wellestablished theory of job demands, and resources. Initially, the chapter incorporates decent work within its institutional framework, tracing back to the core mission of the International Labour Organization. Decent work is associated with fundamental universal human needs, viewed within the context of self-determination theory. The seven dimensions of decent work are articulated as both resources that enhance workers’ performance and wellbeing, as well as demands. Following this, the relationship between the demands and resources of decent work is explored. In conclusion, the unacceptable rationale for decent work deficits aligns with a particular ethical stance.