In mammography, breast phantoms are crucial for evaluating image quality and calibrating equipment by replicating human breast tissue characteristics. Despite their importance, high acquisition costs hinder widespread adoption. Leveraging 3D printing, particularly with polylactic acid (PLA), offers a cost-effective solution. PLA’s biodegradability and favorable printing properties make it suitable for modeling breast phantoms accurately. Modeling breast phantoms with PLA presents advantages such as reduced costs, ease of reproduction, and customization. This approach allows for comprehensive testing to ensure image quality and optimize processing techniques. Our work presents a low-cost 3D printed breast phantom prototype, enabling institutions and professionals to access quality tools for enhanced clinical practice and research. The prototype features an anthropomorphically coherent structure and materials with mass attenuation coefficients equivalent to human breast tissues. It facilitates visualization and study of various image processing techniques, aiding in protocol optimization. Additionally, it supports low-cost replication of studies, fostering advancements in mammographic diagnosis. In conclusion, the proposed prototype offers a valuable tool for professional training, image optimization, and research. Future steps involve 3D printing the model and conducting tests to validate its effectiveness. Careful material selection will be crucial for accurate tissue simulation, ensuring its utility in clinical practice and research.