International university–industry (UI) collaborations have become increasingly significant in addressing global challenges and advancing innovation. These partnerships allow university access to specialized research resources, including laboratories, faculty expertise, and student involvement. At the same time, industries contribute practical insights and real-world experience across diverse geographies, as well as mechanisms for applying insights in practice. By pooling resources and knowledge, such collaborations can drive scientific discovery, open new funding opportunities, and accelerate innovation. This chapter explores the specific dynamics of international research collaborations, focusing on the opportunities and challenges inherent in such partnerships. International research collaborations benefit from the breadth of their participants’ unique geographical and cultural perspectives. Key considerations of international research collaborations include aligning strategic goals, managing Intellectual Property (IP), navigating geopolitical tensions, and overcoming cultural and logistical barriers. Successful collaborations require common goals, clear communication, shared values, and mutual trust. Case studies, including those of Mars, a family-owned pet care, snacking, and food business, the University of California, Davis, and others, demonstrate the benefits of cross-border collaboration and co-located research facilities. These examples demonstrate the transformative potential of global academic–industry partnerships through case studies in food and sustainability innovation, climate-smart agriculture, and health. The chapter includes recommendations for enhancing the success of international UI collaborations, emphasizing the need for strategic alignment, efficient use of resources, and robust management frameworks to foster long-term collaboration and impact.