This chapter explores the dynamics of professionalization and regulatory governance in Italy’s public services, focusing on the historical development and current state of healthcare, judiciary, and education sectors. It outlines how state intervention mediates the relationship between the professional service providers and their clients, influencing professional autonomy and service delivery. In particular, in healthcare, reforms have hybridized professional and managerial roles, promoting efficiency and clinical governance while challenging traditional medical dominance. The judiciary maintains high autonomy, grounded in constitutional independence, but faces growing pressures to integrate managerial principles. In education, teaching remains a profession of limited cohesion and identity, despite structural reforms enhancing school autonomy. This chapter concludes by comparing the features of public professions in these sectors (in terms of professional identity, self-governance and external regulation, etc.) illustrating how management is increasingly reshaping traditional professionalism.