The spread of digital technologies and the advancement of algorithms will radically transform the public sector, introducing new risks and opportunities. This phenomenon, known as “algorithmic governance,” involves both the political control of algorithms (governance of algorithms) and their use as tools of power (governance by algorithms). The chapter is devoted to investigating how algorithmic governance has been defined and implemented in Italian public administration. In Italy, the adoption of digital technologies in public administration has historically been slow and fragmented, focusing more on efficiency than on structural transformation. However, the country is trying to bridge this gap, aligning itself with European Union directives aimed at regulating the use of new technologies and protecting fundamental rights. An advanced example of algorithmic governance is represented by “digital twins,” which offer a virtual representation of physical systems to optimize urban management. The future challenge will be to integrate these innovations into the institutional framework to improve public services and enhance public participation.