In The School of Athens by Raffaello Sanzio the upper part of the fresco located in the Room of the Signature, inside the Apostolic Palaces, is occupied by an allegorical representation of philosophy. It is a female figure sitting on a marble throne with decorations taken from the ancient world: two Artemis of Ephesus and, on the armrests, a human being between two eagles. The woman is wearing a colored and decorated dress according to the four natural elements: in the brown part, representing the earth, there are plants; in the green one, representing water, there are fish; in the red one, representing fire, flames; while in the sky blue one, representing air, stars. The task of the philosophical discipline is indicated by an inscription engraved on two slabs, each of which is held by a child and symmetrically arranged on the two poles of the representation: causarum cognitio, “knowledge of causes.” The woman’s gaze, as well as that of the two children and the two Artemis of Ephesus, is directed to the left of the fresco (observer’s side), in the direction of the “causes.” On the right side, which is ideally occupied by “knowledge,” two books are instead clearly visible, held by the hypostasis of philosophy. One is aqua green in color and is placed horizontally, resting on the woman’s left leg and supported by her right hand. The book has its pages facing the viewer of the representation, and on their edge is engraved the word Naturalis. The second book, brown in color, is instead placed vertically on top of the first and is held by the left hand of philosophy. On the cover (back) we can read the inscription Moralis.