The times we live in are marked by increased division in political debate, by echo chambers and epistemic bubbles, and by a polarization of the political landscape, which has grown increasingly hostile and unfriendly in the West. The emphasis of the political sphere has shifted, from a place of negotiations to a place of divisive opposition. This is not democracy’s first encounter with a less-than-ideal political climate for calm deliberations: The ancient Greeks from whom we inherited many of our democratic ideas also lived in times of polarization and distrust. Both Plato and Aristotle can be said to comment upon the meaning of friendship and the ties that connect us, as well as grappling with antagonism and disagreement in a democratic society. In this book we argue that friendship has a political significance that is brought out through Plato’s dialogues and Aristotle’s explicit commentary. In what way may friendship, or lack thereof, play a part in the political sphere of a society? And what may a return to ancient Greece, the birthplace of democracy, and more specifically the political thinking of Plato and Aristotle, contribute to this question? This book considers these questions within the range of two quite opposite views on friendship and politics. At one end of the spectrum, there is the view that friendship may pose a danger to the political entity. At the other end of the spectrum, there is the view that friendship provides a necessary foundation for the political. In this volume, we investigate the various ways these views are expressed within the thinking of Plato and Aristotle and consider how this both resonates with and differs from contemporary discussions of the political.