Matmata, a vernacular village in Tunisia, occupies the northern part of a mountain range stretching from the town of Gabès to the Tunisian–Libyan border. This strategic position links the famous seaside resort of Djerba in southeast Tunisia with the oasis and desert tourist areas of south-west Tunisia. The region is famous for its vertical troglodytes, which have greatly contributed to its development as a tourist attraction. The inhabitants of Matmata, known as the Matmatis, have adapted their farming practices to the mountain environment through continuous effort, building stone terraces to retain runoff water and silt. These terraces support olive and fig trees in the mountains and date palms on the lower terraces. After organizing their territory around the mountains, the Matmatis settled in caves. The unique architectural features of cave dwellings and the mountain lifestyle have attracted tourists to Matmata, a town with a rich cultural and historical heritage. This study highlights the importance of the anthropology of space, which examines the built environments where humans live and interact, encompassing diverse contexts such as individual houses, apartments, villages, urban neighborhoods, and traditional habitats. The study of living space examines how individuals and communities inhabit, use, and give meaning to their built environment. It includes the analysis of physical structures, social practices, spatial relationships, cultural meanings, and processes of appropriation of space. The anthropology of Matmata's troglodytic space also explores how cultural, social, political, and economic aspects influence the design, use, and perception of inhabited space. This multidimensional study examines the human ecology, the complex relationships between humans, and their built environment, which have shaped this community's identity and its specific brand image.