Sexual minorities face a higher risk of substance abuse and mental health problems, due to stress and stigma. This qualitative systematic review sought to verify the existence of the influence of hostile and stressful social environments, resulting from gender and sexuality prejudice, as a conditioning factor to the abusive use of alcohol and other drugs among the LGBTQIA+ population, in Brazilian academic literature. Sixteen articles selected by the Prisma protocol were analyzed. The works highlight the theory of minority stress, relating the impact of stigma and discrimination on this population. Studies point to greater vulnerability for transvestites and transsexual women, associated with substance use, risky sexual practices, and stigmatization. In addition to confirming the research problem, the presence of the concept of minority stress was also identifiedalong with, although scarce, scientific productions about the harm reduction strategy for the LGBTQIA+ population. Finally, the impact of cisheteronormativity on the results found is also pointed out.