Scorpion stings represent a public health problem worldwide and especially in Latin America, mainly in Brazil and Mexico, due to their deleterious effects on important organs of human physiology. The genera of scorpions, Centruroides and Tityus, are those with the greatest systemic effects because their venom has variable concentrations of neurotoxins, cardiotoxins, nephrotoxins, and hemolytic toxins. Its main compounds are phosphodiesterases, phospholipases, hyaluronidases, and cytokine-releasing substances, which induce inflammatory phenomena. The clinical picture is characterized by arterial hypertension secondary to the stimulation of catecholamines and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. The venom produces direct toxicity on renal structures with the release of substances that produce renal ischemia with intense vasoconstriction and inflammatory reaction that can lead to tubular necrosis, acute kidney injury, and intravascular hemolysis. Treatment is aimed at correcting hydroelectrolytic disorders and the use of anti-scorpion serum.