The chapter discusses the impact of tropical diseases on kidney transplant recipients, with a focus on infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and arboviruses (dengue, chikungunya, and Zika). Infections are a leading cause of death among transplant recipients in Latin America, particularly due to tropical diseases, which are underreported and often underdiagnosed. The compromised immune system of transplant recipients makes them more susceptible to these infections. Key factors include transmission routes, such as through donors, community exposure, and reactivation of latent diseases. The chapter highlights the unique clinical challenges of diagnosing these infections in immunosuppressed individuals, where symptoms can differ from those seen in the general population. Moreover, managing immunosuppressive drugs during infection is crucial, as they can affect the disease course. Prevention strategies, such as vaccination, pretransplant screening, and infection monitoring, are emphasized to improve outcomes for both patients and kidney grafts. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for reducing morbidity and mortality.