Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma, endemic in tropical regions. Kidney disease associated with schistosomiasis is not frequently described, and most studies show an association between the disease and glomerular alterations. These can take different forms, such as mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, exudative glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis, IgA nephropathy, membranous glomerulopathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and segmental and focal glomerulosclerosis, the latter two being the patterns of glomerular damage most consistently associated with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis. Forms of renal involvement other than glomerulopathy have been described in recent years, such as tubular alterations manifested by concentration deficits and urinary acidification, with evidence of altered expression of tubular transporters through analysis of urinary exosomes. There also seems to be a greater risk of acute kidney injury in decompensated hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. In addition, studies of new biomarkers of kidney damage have found an increase in urinary monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in these patients.