Yellow fever is a viral disease, responsible for urban outbreaks in different regions, mainly in Africa and South America. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complication observed in the severe forms of yellow fever, the etiology of which is yet to be completely elucidated. The involvement is a multifactorial one, with an initial prerenal phase and subsequent tubular injury occurrence. The possible mechanisms start from the systemic inflammatory response determined by the viremia, with activation of some circulating inflammatory factors, such as interleukins. There is no specific antiviral treatment for yellow fever. Mild cases may have spontaneous resolution, managed with clinical support and symptomatic control. Prevention through immunization is an important factor to reduce the morbidity and mortality of yellow fever. Renal replacement therapy is crucial for kidney function recovery in severe cases.