Tropical diseases predominantly affect populations living in poverty, lacking adequate sanitation, and exposed to infectious vectors, domestic animals, and livestock. Understanding these conditions is crucial for developing effective healthcare strategies and improving patient outcomes in these regions. The diverse geography and climate lead to variations in the etiology and patterns of tropical renal diseases. The tropical climate is particularly conducive to the proliferation of infectious diseases such as leptospirosis, dengue, malaria, and parasitic infections. Natural disasters, including earthquakes, landslides, floods, typhoons, and tsunamis, frequently impact tropical regions. The socioeconomic landscape of tropical regions is marked by significant heterogeneity, which influences the prevalence and patterns of kidney diseases. Compared to temperate climates, tropical populations exhibit a broader range of socioeconomic statuses, lifestyles, education levels, and access to goods, services, and medical care. Environmental conditions of tropical regions significantly contribute to various kidney-related conditions, including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), electrolyte imbalances, and glomerular diseases. This chapter discusses how tropical diseases impact on nephrology.