Music, Violence, and Trauma
摘要
This chapter will describe how music has been used as a part of the torture, interrogations, and war in history until recently (Alanne, 2010; Cloonan & Johnson, 2002, 2008; Cusick, 2006, 2008, 2013; Grant, 2013; Moreno, 1999, Papaeti, 2020). The long history of using music in torture and wars will be introduced and discussed. Also, the roots of music therapy, using music as an alleviation of pain and keeping up the spirit of forces in wars, and how modern music therapy evolved during WWII will be discussed (Alanne, 2010, 2023; Lee, 2016; O’Connell, 1990; Sullivan, 2007). This development will be discussed in the context how music is still used in modern warfare and interrogations as well as in prisons and camps to humiliate prisoners. This may also be a part of the propaganda and manipulation with music of oppressive governments and dictators (Alanne, 2010, 2014b, 2023; Grant, 2013; Papaeti, 2013a, 2020). The psychology of sounds and music as violence will be analysed in the light of psychodynamic theories such as object relations theory, music as a good and a persecuting bad object. Also, the ego psychology point of view will be discussed about how music has been illustrated as an “ego down” method in the earlier interrogation manual of Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).