Active engagement in meaningful activities means that people conduct voluntary and purposeful actions that have consequences to themselves and to their environment, rather than just having things happening to them. Active engagement in meaningful activities continues even though peoples’ capacities and abilities may decline; the activities may just change form. There are many approaches to fostering this scenario, and the measures may take place on different levels of individual’s physical, emotional, cognitive, and social functioning, physical and social environment, and policy. Ideally, older people may participate in productive activities such as paid and unpaid work, social life, leisure, intellectual and cultural life, and civic engagement according to their own priorities and capacities.