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This chapter applies an evolutionary/ecological perspective to Rio's gang relations, focusing on change and stability in cooperative/non-hostile interactions within the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region. It establishes that a gang's relationship with police forces represents a ‘critical threadCritical thread’ essential for survival, as police hostility poses greater existential threats than conflicts with rival gangs, suppliers, or milícias. The chapter examines how cooperation between apparent enemies emerges and develops, identifying five types of police-gang relations that are short of full hostility: occasional extortions, kidnapping for ransom, repression prevention schemes, hiring, and trading. These relationships vary in regularity and coercive/voluntary nature. The analysis concludes with an assessment of the direction of changes in gang-police relations between the early 1990s and 2017.

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Weaving Ties and Cutting Threads: An Ecology of Hostility and Corruption in Rio de Janeiro

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Andrea Varsori

摘要

This chapter applies an evolutionary/ecological perspective to Rio's gang relations, focusing on change and stability in cooperative/non-hostile interactions within the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region. It establishes that a gang's relationship with police forces represents a ‘critical threadCritical thread’ essential for survival, as police hostility poses greater existential threats than conflicts with rival gangs, suppliers, or milícias. The chapter examines how cooperation between apparent enemies emerges and develops, identifying five types of police-gang relations that are short of full hostility: occasional extortions, kidnapping for ransom, repression prevention schemes, hiring, and trading. These relationships vary in regularity and coercive/voluntary nature. The analysis concludes with an assessment of the direction of changes in gang-police relations between the early 1990s and 2017.