The Impact of Trade Openness on Jordan’s Economic Growth (2000–2023)
摘要
This study aims to identify the impact of trade openness on economic growth in Jordan from 2000 to 2023 using a standard model. The impact was estimated through the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology. The study found an inverse relationship between trade openness and GDP in the long term, which is attributed to Jordan’s imports of consumer goods. Additionally, a direct relationship between capital and Jordanian GDP in both the long and short term was observed, due to the strong coordination between fiscal and investment policies. The results also showed an inverse relationship between the number of workers and GDP in both the long and short term, which is attributed to Jordan’s limited resources and capabilities relative to its population’s needs. The study recommended diversifying Jordan’s national exports, increasing the value of industrial and agricultural exports, enhancing human and technological resources, encouraging investment, and raising the total capital formation