The rapid digitization of military aviation systems has ushered in a new era of operational efficiency but has also introduced significant cyber vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities, spanning avionics, communication networks, ground control systems, and supply chains, present unique challenges to maintaining mission-critical security. This paper explores the evolving cyber threat landscape in military aviation and the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in countering these threats. It begins by identifying key cyber vulnerabilities and analyzing diverse threat vectors, including malware, phishing, advanced persistent threats (APTs), and insider risks. Drawing from real-world case studies, such as Operation Orchard and incidents involving drone control systems, the paper highlights the tangible risks posed by these threats. The study delves into the application of AI-driven solutions, such as machine learning algorithms, for real-time threat detection, anomaly identification, and predictive analytics. Specific attention is given to the adaptability of AI in addressing dynamic threat environments, enabling proactive defense strategies. Additionally, the integration of emerging technologies, such as quantum-safe encryption and secure IoT frameworks, is discussed as part of a multi-layered defense strategy. Key findings demonstrate that AI-powered systems significantly enhance cyber resilience by identifying threats faster and enabling autonomous responses, but also reveal challenges such as the rising potential for AI-driven attacks and the need for quantum-resistant encryption. The research emphasizes the necessity of holistic strategies that combine technical innovation with robust policies, rigorous training, and international cooperation. By providing a comprehensive overview of current practices, challenges, and future directions, this study contributes actionable insights for strengthening cyber security frameworks in military aviation, ensuring operational continuity in an increasingly contested digital domain.