This chapter provides a state-of-the-art overview of micro- and meso-level risk factors for late-life loneliness, addressing the relevance and significance of each. At the micro level, it examines the role of individual characteristics and experiences, including demographics, socioeconomic status, living arrangements, health status, and personality traits. This includes interpersonal factors, such as marital trajectories, social networks, and relationships. At the meso-level, the focus shifts to community dynamics, such as neighbourhood social cohesion and physical disorders, and the urban versus rural context. This chapter also underlines the intricate interplay between these factors and their cumulative impacts on late-life loneliness. It further highlights the challenges posed by the importance of early life experiences, particularly in childhood and youth, and how they potentially accumulate to inform one’s resilience or vulnerability to loneliness in old age. Additionally, the chapter highlights factors that remain underexplored but could impact loneliness in later life.