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Breast cancer continues to be the foremost threat to women’s health globally. According to the 2025 cancer statistics, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women, highlighting the urgent need for more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. While early detection and advanced treatment options have significantly improved patient survival rates, the complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer still present significant challenges in personalizing treatment. This underscores the necessity for innovative approaches in precision diagnosis. Currently, X-ray mammogram is the only modality for mass screening of asymptomatic women. However, it has decreased sensitivity in radiographically dense breasts, which is also associated with a higher risk for breast cancer. Photoacoustic or photoacoustic imaging (OAI) is an emerging field that enables deep tissue imaging of optical contrast at ultrasonically defined spatial resolution, which is much higher than that can be achieved in purely optical imaging modalities. By integrating ultrasound guidance, this technique enables precise localization and characterization of tumors. Because of high optical absorption from hemoglobin molecules, photoacoustic imaging can map out hemo-distribution and dynamics in breast tissue and identify malignant lesions based on tumor-associated angiogenesis and hypoxia. Photoacoustic imaging employs nonionizing, laser light to create thermoelastic expansion in tissues and detect the resulting ultrasonic emission. By combining high optical contrast capabilities with the high spatial resolution and anatomic detail of gray-scale ultrasound, OAI offers unique opportunities for visualizing the biological function of tissues in vivo. Over the past decade, human breast applications of OAI, including benign/malignant mass differentiation, distinguishing cancer molecular subtype, and predicting metastatic potential, have significantly increased. In this chapter, we discuss the current state of optoacoustic breast imaging, as well as future opportunities and clinical application trends for management and treatment of breast cancer.

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Basics of Photoacoustic Techniques for Breast Cancer Diagnosis

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Anutee Dolley,
  • Kabyashruti J. Kashyap,
  • Nima D. Namsa

摘要

Breast cancer continues to be the foremost threat to women’s health globally. According to the 2025 cancer statistics, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women, highlighting the urgent need for more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. While early detection and advanced treatment options have significantly improved patient survival rates, the complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer still present significant challenges in personalizing treatment. This underscores the necessity for innovative approaches in precision diagnosis. Currently, X-ray mammogram is the only modality for mass screening of asymptomatic women. However, it has decreased sensitivity in radiographically dense breasts, which is also associated with a higher risk for breast cancer. Photoacoustic or photoacoustic imaging (OAI) is an emerging field that enables deep tissue imaging of optical contrast at ultrasonically defined spatial resolution, which is much higher than that can be achieved in purely optical imaging modalities. By integrating ultrasound guidance, this technique enables precise localization and characterization of tumors. Because of high optical absorption from hemoglobin molecules, photoacoustic imaging can map out hemo-distribution and dynamics in breast tissue and identify malignant lesions based on tumor-associated angiogenesis and hypoxia. Photoacoustic imaging employs nonionizing, laser light to create thermoelastic expansion in tissues and detect the resulting ultrasonic emission. By combining high optical contrast capabilities with the high spatial resolution and anatomic detail of gray-scale ultrasound, OAI offers unique opportunities for visualizing the biological function of tissues in vivo. Over the past decade, human breast applications of OAI, including benign/malignant mass differentiation, distinguishing cancer molecular subtype, and predicting metastatic potential, have significantly increased. In this chapter, we discuss the current state of optoacoustic breast imaging, as well as future opportunities and clinical application trends for management and treatment of breast cancer.