Biopolymers are emerging as interesting materials in the context of controlled drug delivery systems and tissue engineering applications. In any case, their physicochemical properties should be known for ensuring their performance is maximized. Some of the methods, like FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, HPLC, compression tests, DMA, DSC, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, etc., are efficiently used for understanding the mechanical and chemical properties of biopolymer systems. Such techniques help assess the properties such as degradation, drug loading, drug release profile, porosity and tensile strength. An additional understanding of these properties facilitates the creation of appropriate and specific drug delivery systems as well as scaffolds for tissue repair. These synergistic methods improve the functional advancement of biopolymers in biomedical applications in terms of structure–property relationship.