Attachment Styles and Young Adult Well-Being in Romantic Relationships in South Africa: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
摘要
Attachment styles have been much researched in romantic relationships in Western settings; however, cross-cultural research is sparse particularly in a South African setting. Romantic relationships require individuals to commit to another person which often requires making difficult choices. Attachment theory is underpinned by the concept that early relationships affect those later in life. For instance, those with avoidant or insecure relationship styles as children have many problems with commitment and insecurity in later life, while those with secure attachment are able to form loving relationships. Young adults are often involved in long-term romantic relationships for the first time, and their attachment style and feelings of well-being are related. To investigate the topic, a quantitative approach utilizing a cross-sectional survey design was used. Measures used were the Revised Adult Attachment Scale which measures different aspects of attachment for instance, closeness and intimacy, anxiety, and dependency. The Ryff Positive Well-Being Scale (short form), which is underpinned by positive psychology concepts of happiness, satisfaction with life, and positive mood, was also used. Subscales include autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, self-acceptance, positive relations with others, and purpose in life. A random sample of 254 young male and female university students involved in romantic relationships was recruited from a population of 600 undergraduate psychology students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, for instance, the mean, standard deviation, and percentages. Graphs and figures were used to illustrate results where appropriate. Hypotheses were tested using an independent t-test to determine if there were any statistically significant differences between male and female respondents on key variables. The Pearson correlation coefficient was also used to measure any linear correlations in the data. Results included females showed more autonomy and had more anxiety, as compared to males, in romantic relationships. Recommendations included a larger mixed-methods study and more research generally in South Africa into attachment and well-being in romantic relationships.