Virtual Surgical Planning in Midfacial Reconstruction
摘要
Midface reconstruction poses unique challenges to the reconstructive surgeon, given its complex morphological shape and functional relevance for both the occlusion and the orbit. Virtual surgical planning has significantly improved the accuracy of midfacial reconstruction and optimized the workflow based on flaps, allowing to define the most optimal donor site depending on the spatial requirements of the facial defect. For the fibula and the scapula, virtual planning enables accurate prediction of flap modeling, allowing to define multiple configurations that fit specific situations, such as the biaxial fibula flap, and the scapular tip flap, either positioned horizontal or vertical. Moreover, the parallel advancement of 3D printing techniques provided alternative possibilities for midfacial reconstruction, such as customized implants that can provide the structural morphology of the midface and allow for a simultaneous flap insetting, or facial epitheses, namely implant-retained facial prostheses. Such a digital revolution is to be coupled with the innovations of digital dentistry as well, enabling to effectively predict occlusion and to position flaps accordingly.