Ecuador’s rapidly aging population poses multifaceted social, economic, and political challenges that demand urgent attention. This research delves into the concepts of active and successful aging within Ecuador, positioning the country’s experience in dialogue with global aging theories. By analyzing public policy frameworks and their effectiveness in supporting the elderly, the study offers a comprehensive assessment of Ecuador’s approach to aging. Utilizing data from the 2009 Health, Well-being, and Aging (SABE) survey, a tailored Active Aging Index (AAI) was developed to reflect the specific realities of the Ecuadorian context. The results illuminate significant structural barriers that hinder the pursuit of active aging, yet they also identify critical opportunities for improvement. These findings underscore the importance of promoting social inclusion, fostering economic participation, and enhancing overall well-being for older adults. The proposed strategies are anchored in a robust blend of theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, providing a rich foundation for future public policy reforms. By addressing the unique demographic and societal needs of Ecuador’s elderly population, this study offers valuable insights that contribute to broader discourses on aging, social equity, and sustainable development.