Aim: This article aims to identify and analyze different long-term care (LTC) systems and models, addressing the challenges posed by aging populations and the increasing demand for LTC services. The review seeks to consolidate existing knowledge, providing evidence-based insights for policymakers, researchers, and professionals to improve and adapt LTC services to the evolving needs of society. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using the SCOPUS database, analyzing 30 articles following the PRISMA flow. Bibliometric analysis and categorical content analysis were performed. Results: The systematic literature review (SLR) revealed that LTC systems vary significantly across countries, reflecting distinct socio-political contexts and welfare state models. Five categories of LTC models were identified in this review, highlighting that, while different approaches aim to address the demands of an aging population, the choice of models relies substantially on each country’s economic resources, policy priorities, and cultural considerations.