Sleep quality has a significant impact on overall health and well-being because it promotes physical healing, mental clarity, cognitive performance, and emotional stability. However, lifestyle activities such as smoking and alcohol use have been shown to disturb sleep patterns, resulting in negative impacts on sleep length, phases, and overall restfulness. These disturbances can have serious repercussions, especially in high-stress settings such as the military, where insufficient sleep can affect decision-making, physical endurance, and overall effectiveness. The present paper proposes a unique way to analyse these disturbances by administering a combination of questionnaire types to 1.022 students at the Gendarmerie and Coast Guard Academy in Türkiye, to investigate the physiological and behavioural effects of smoking and drinking on sleep. The present research has significant implications for establishing targeted, evidence-based techniques to improve sleep quality among military personnel, with the possibility for individualised treatment options that minimise risks while improving both health and performance.