Plastics, with their versatility, durability, and widespread use, have contributed to the generation of over 400 million tons of plastic waste annually, leading to environmental contamination. Plastics degrade into microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), which has the capability to infiltrate all-natural systems. These small particles are then consumed by various organisms through various ways, which can then be passed on to humans. Plastics in food and its associated chemicals, including contaminants like bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, pose risks such as endocrine disruption, carcinogenesis, and potential DNA damage. Furthermore, plastic contamination in the environment affects soil fertility, microbial health, and water quality, disrupting ecosystems and food production. Understanding how plastics interact with the environment and the food chain is vital to developing strategies for mitigating the risks of exposure, protecting human health, and ensuring food security. The urgent need for research in this area is driven by the potential for long-lasting environmental harm and the increasing prevalence of plastic-related health concerns in both humans and wildlife. This chapter attempts to have a baseline of presence of plastics in the food chain, it’s pathways, general degradation mechanisms and Challenges and Knowledge Gaps.