Microbial polysaccharides are carbohydrate compounds with heavy molecular weight. The concomitant role of the polysaccharides as storehouse of energy and carbon reservoirs has been studied in the literature. Polysaccharides secreted by cells are referred to as Extracellular polysaccharides. They either form a capsule or are associated as a slimy layer with cell surface, forming exopolysaccharides (EPS). A combination of monosaccharide units and components like acetate and pyruvate form EPS, which can be further subdivided into homopolysaccharide (dextran, levan) and heteropolysaccharides (rhamnose, mannose, arabinose). EPS engendered bacteria to safeguard them from environmental stress and phagocytosis. They are known for their role as polymers that are found to promote bacterial adhesion to gastrointestinal tract, especially adhesion of commensal bacteria to gut epithelium, although reduces the adherence of pathogenic bacteria. As per the literature reviewed, it has been found that EPS remain within the gastrointestinal tract for a longer duration and endeavors as prebiotics. They are not degenerated by the human digestive enzymes and thereby advocate the establishment of probiotic bacteria like Lactobacillus sp. Reports have shown a decline in lactose intolerance, followed by increase in antioxidant properties and bifidogenic properties secreted by EPS of Lactobacillus rhamnsosus isolated from human gut microbiota. Ubiquitous presence of EPS in gastrointestinal tract that was allocated to the presence of Lactobacillus sp. has also been found to decrease collagen induced arthritis. EPS associated with bacterial surface in gastrointestinal tract has been known to protect from low pH, gastric and pancreatic enzymes that are known to create unfavorable environment in the tract. Probiotics along with their metabolic properties of EPS have been found to reduce the levels of serum cholesterol. Therefore, this chapter is aimed to showcase the role of EPS as prebiotics in human gut microbiota, followed by their mechanism of action, along with their ability to stimulate intestinal health, followed by suggestions of new EPS formulations to promote the gut microbiota.