Globalization of Public Administration in Bangladesh: An Analysis of Reforms, Trends, and Theories
摘要
To what extent do administrative reforms in Bangladesh fit into trends of globalization? To address this question, we conduct a content analysis of reform initiatives in Bangladesh by utilizing government records, donors’ reports, and project documents. Whereas traditional literature identifies social, economic, and political dimensions of globalization, this research makes a unique contribution by proposing public administration as a fourth dimension. We identify three criteria to assess the degree of PA globalization: first, the involvement of international organizations (IOs) or donors in a country’s administrative reforms; second, the national government’s proactiveness in seeking IOs’ assistance to improve public sector performance; and third, the influence of IOs on civil servants’ training. Our findings demonstrate that Bangladesh currently meets all three criteria. Pre-globalization reforms in Bangladesh (1971 – 1989) established traditional PA principles, including hierarchical systems, as well as socialism rather than capitalism. In contrast, globalization-era reforms (1990 – 2023) prioritized New Public Management, Asian-style localization, good governance, and decentralization. While Washington-based IOs dominated the first half of the globalization period, Asian donor agencies have recently gained significant influence. We find that Asian donor-driven reforms achieved greater success because they were tied to conditional loans for development projects, granted the government ownership over reforms, and were tailored to national contexts. Overall, the findings of this research are not only relevant to Bangladesh but also provide a framework for the PA dimension of globalization that can conceptually travel across diverse national contexts.