This chapter examines the transformative evolution of the medical profession, emphasizing the pivotal role of physicians who trained in socially accountable medical schools in modern healthcare. Beyond clinical expertise, these professionals address social determinants of health, advocate for health equity, and drive systemic improvements through interdisciplinary collaboration, patient advocacy, and ethical technological integration. Highlighting frameworks like the WHO’s “Five-Star Doctor” and global competency models, the chapter underscores the essential competencies required to meet rising societal expectations. It advocates for embedding social accountability (SA) into the work of medical schools, ensuring graduates are equipped to navigate complex healthcare systems, promote equity, and lead positive change in their communities.