In this chapter, the question is addressed of whether religious and worldview-based communities have to respect, protect and/or (also) contribute to the realization of human rights, because religious and worldview-based communities see themselves confronted with the universality claim of human rights. The universality claim of human rights embraces that all humans are always and everywhere holders of human rights—also inside and outside of religious and worldview-based communities. Religious and worldview-based communities support as well as resist human rights. Therefore, this chapter examines the ethical justification and the implementation of human rights in and by religious and worldview-based communities.