Signing the Dayton Peace Agreement in 1995 established the political landscape of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a form of consociational ethnocracy. This framework not only instituted a complex multilevel power-sharing system reliant on ethnic checks and balances, but it has also entrenched and normalized ethnicity as a fundamental aspect of political and social life. In other words, it surpassed the purpose of political representation, deeply embedding ethnicity within the socio-political fabric while defining individuals primarily on their ethnic identity. Moving beyond essentialist perspectives of identity, the authors offer a novel inquiry into the long-standing paradigms, identifying and examining the interplay among three key levels of engagement of ethnopolitics and ethnopolitical actors in BiH: macro (institutions, notably the Dayton Agreement), meso (social groups), and micro (individuals and everyday life). The endeavor is to ascertain whether BiH’s ethno-political landscape is primarily shaped by its post-conflict institutional framework or by the collective and individual interests of the political and social actors involved.