Urban sustainability is a pressing global challenge, compelling interdisciplinary approaches to secure resilient and inclusive futures. Historical insights provide valuable lessons in addressing modern urban challenges, as seen in the innovative governance and architectural practices of Indian dynasties. This chapter examines the sustainable solutions employed by seven historical Indian rulers—the Gupta Empire, the Chola Dynasty, the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Gupta Dynasty, the Maratha Empire, and Malik Ambarand—and their relevance to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By analyzing these historical practices, the study offers a framework for contemporary urban development aligned with SDG goals. The study adopts a literature review and historical architectural analysis, drawing insights from research papers, archival records, and case studies. The focus is on identifying sustainable practices, such as the water management techniques, science and development, social reform, biodiversity conservation, etc. These findings highlight a synthesis of traditional wisdom and sustainable innovation. This research demonstrates that historical practices offer actionable strategies for modern urban sustainability. Recommendations include integrating traditional water systems, enhancing biodiversity conservation, and fostering community-centric urban planning. By bridging historical knowledge with modern innovation, cities can achieve SDGs while preserving cultural heritage.