Introduction
摘要
This chapter sets the conceptual and thematic foundation for the book. It presents the overarching argument that Indonesia’s economic development cannot be understood without reference to the political institutions, power dynamics, and international forces that have shaped it over millennia. The chapter introduces key themes such as the role of geography, state formation, colonialism, global capitalism, and institutional evolution. It outlines the interdisciplinary approach employed, drawing on political economy, history, and development studies. It also situates Indonesia within broader theoretical debates around state capacity, resource distribution, and economic transformation, laying the groundwork for the chronological exploration that follows.