This chapter analyzes different Freudian categories that explain the links between the masses and their leader and characterize the modern masses: the identification explains the dynamics of adoption and submission to the leader; the regressive dynamics to the infantile self (ideal ego) opposed to the adult and conscious self that consciously exchanges its biological father for the mass leader (ideal ego). Such a joint regressive and projective dynamic explains the lack of critical spirit within the mass and the total devotion to the leader; but also love and hate which bring about the inclusion of the “same self,” and the exclusion of the “others” (us against them). At the end, the love impulse that drives and moves the mass can be defined as the libido. The psychoanalytic approach of the deprived “self” is complemented by the historical one which emphasizes the dissolution of social relations leading to collective and individual loneliness.