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Residential electricity use (REC) in India is projected to increase five times by 2032, driven by urbanisation and climate change, yet there is a paucity of data on residential electricity use and how it varies across space (climatic zones) and time (seasons). This paper empirically investigates the climatic and seasonal variation (summer, winter) of residential electricity use in India using statistical analyses of nationwide survey data of 4877 urban households (single-family/multifamily, different income groups), which were located in 21 cities representing all five climates ranging from cold, composite, hot-dry, warm humid and temperate climates. The survey data were gathered as part of a national NEEM-CLASP study during 2018–2019, and included household characteristics, income group, socio-demographics, electricity use, ownership of air conditioning (AC) units and appliance usage data. As expected, high-income households (n: 1084) reported the highest mean monthly summer electricity consumption at 280 kWh followed by middle-income households (n: 1058) at 229 kWh, while low-income households (n: 2984) experienced the lowest summer electricity consumption of 166 kWh. In AC households, mean monthly summer electricity consumption was 1.6 times more than winter consumption, while for non-AC households mean summer use was 1.4 times more than winter use, implying that seasonal variation was prevalent irrespective of the presence of AC. Climate zone was found to influence seasonal electricity use. The highest mean monthly summer electricity use was observed for AC households (n: 561) at 307kWh in the composite zone, while the highest monthly winter electricity use was 210kWh in non-AC households (n: 308) located in the cold zone. Based on the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method, the number of residents, the number/usage of appliances and floor area (m2) were found to have the biggest impact on electricity consumption. To curtail the growth of REC in India, the seasonal and climatic variation in REC should be addressed through the national energy policy.

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Examining the Variation in Residential Electricity Use in Urban Indian Households with and without Air-Conditioning

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Rajat Gupta,
  • Anu Antony,
  • Archana Walia,
  • Neha Dhingra,
  • Tanmay Tathagat,
  • Piyush Varma

摘要

Residential electricity use (REC) in India is projected to increase five times by 2032, driven by urbanisation and climate change, yet there is a paucity of data on residential electricity use and how it varies across space (climatic zones) and time (seasons). This paper empirically investigates the climatic and seasonal variation (summer, winter) of residential electricity use in India using statistical analyses of nationwide survey data of 4877 urban households (single-family/multifamily, different income groups), which were located in 21 cities representing all five climates ranging from cold, composite, hot-dry, warm humid and temperate climates. The survey data were gathered as part of a national NEEM-CLASP study during 2018–2019, and included household characteristics, income group, socio-demographics, electricity use, ownership of air conditioning (AC) units and appliance usage data. As expected, high-income households (n: 1084) reported the highest mean monthly summer electricity consumption at 280 kWh followed by middle-income households (n: 1058) at 229 kWh, while low-income households (n: 2984) experienced the lowest summer electricity consumption of 166 kWh. In AC households, mean monthly summer electricity consumption was 1.6 times more than winter consumption, while for non-AC households mean summer use was 1.4 times more than winter use, implying that seasonal variation was prevalent irrespective of the presence of AC. Climate zone was found to influence seasonal electricity use. The highest mean monthly summer electricity use was observed for AC households (n: 561) at 307kWh in the composite zone, while the highest monthly winter electricity use was 210kWh in non-AC households (n: 308) located in the cold zone. Based on the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method, the number of residents, the number/usage of appliances and floor area (m2) were found to have the biggest impact on electricity consumption. To curtail the growth of REC in India, the seasonal and climatic variation in REC should be addressed through the national energy policy.