With the dwindling sources for new aggregates and increased costs and environmental impacts of using asphalt, which is a by-product of petroleum refining, the recycling of asphalt materials for highway construction has become a necessity. While use of RA in new production of bituminous mixtures is wide-spread and routine, the present mix design methods to include RA are empirical in nature. Several mix design methods treat RA as another source of aggregate and binder (as separate contributions in new mix) rather than a conglomerate material with multiple phases (binder, aggregate, mastic and mixture). Further, they do not appropriately consider the interactions and availability of bitumen from RA in the mixtures. The two primary approaches for asphalt recycling can be classified by the temperature associated with the recycling process. Thus, the research and implementation focus can be on either cold recycling or non-cold (warm and hot) recycling. Also, often times additives need to be added to binders to enhance the properties of mixes with RA and to be able to conduct recycling at lower temperatures. Since asphalt binder properties also have tremendous effects on the final performance of asphalt mixtures, there is need to have evaluation of binders and additives that are used in recycled mixtures. To maximize use of RA in an engineered manner, the fundamental understanding of the role of RA in new mix and its interaction with other constituents is needed and there is need for using the life-cycle analysis (LCA) tools that provide comprehensive evaluation of the economical, energy and environmental impacts of RA usage. This STAR presents various results and corresponding discussions that provide researchers and practitioners with tools to help maximize the use of RA materials without affecting the performance of infrastructure system.