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Offshore oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) activities generate noise which may significantly impact the marine environment. Since 2015, Petrobras has implemented two long-term monitoring initiatives: the Santos Basin Underwater Soundscape Monitoring Project (PMPAS-BS, in Portuguese acronym) and the Santos Basin Cetaceans Monitoring Project (PMC-BS, in Portuguese acronym). Both projects were established as part of the federal environmental licensing requirements conducted by IBAMA. PMPAS-BS characterizes the underwater acoustic environment through data collected by gliders, drifting acoustic profilers, deep-water mooring lines, and fixed shallow-water monitoring systems, complemented by an acoustic modelling component. PMC-BS employs multiple methodologies for cetacean monitoring, including vessel-based visual surveys combined with passive acoustic monitoring, aerial surveys, and telemetry. A decade of continuous data acquisition has enabled robust analyses of the potential effects of E&P-related noise on cetaceans. Current studies using PMPAS-BS and PMC-BS datasets investigate the influence of seismic surveys on vocalization patterns, including behavioural changes during seismic acquisition. These projects represent one of the most comprehensive efforts globally in this field, contributing substantially to the understanding of marine ecosystems in the South Atlantic Ocean.

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A Decade Monitoring Underwater Noise and Cetaceans in the South Atlantic Ocean

  • 动态工具书词条

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Angela Spengler,
  • Diogo Peregrino Correa Pereira,
  • Carlos Abraham de Knegt Miranda,
  • Fábio Soares da Cruz

摘要

Offshore oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) activities generate noise which may significantly impact the marine environment. Since 2015, Petrobras has implemented two long-term monitoring initiatives: the Santos Basin Underwater Soundscape Monitoring Project (PMPAS-BS, in Portuguese acronym) and the Santos Basin Cetaceans Monitoring Project (PMC-BS, in Portuguese acronym). Both projects were established as part of the federal environmental licensing requirements conducted by IBAMA. PMPAS-BS characterizes the underwater acoustic environment through data collected by gliders, drifting acoustic profilers, deep-water mooring lines, and fixed shallow-water monitoring systems, complemented by an acoustic modelling component. PMC-BS employs multiple methodologies for cetacean monitoring, including vessel-based visual surveys combined with passive acoustic monitoring, aerial surveys, and telemetry. A decade of continuous data acquisition has enabled robust analyses of the potential effects of E&P-related noise on cetaceans. Current studies using PMPAS-BS and PMC-BS datasets investigate the influence of seismic surveys on vocalization patterns, including behavioural changes during seismic acquisition. These projects represent one of the most comprehensive efforts globally in this field, contributing substantially to the understanding of marine ecosystems in the South Atlantic Ocean.