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This chapter delves into the structural and functional roles of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in astrocytes. AQP4, a pivotal water channel protein, is essential for brain water homeostasis, neuronal protection, and injury response. Structurally, AQP4 exists as M1 and M23 isoforms, forming orthogonal arrays of particles (OAPs) crucial for efficient water transport and the formation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Functionally, AQP4 maintains the extracellular environment, supports neuronal activity, and facilitates metabolic waste clearance via the glymphatic system. Dysregulation of AQP4 is implicated in neurological diseases such as gliomas and neuromyelitis optica, affecting brain edema and cell migration. In addition, AQP4 plays a critical role in neurodevelopment, influencing processes like neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Understanding AQP4’s diverse roles underscores its potential as a therapeutic target in treating neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Aquaporin-4 in Astrocytes and Glial Cells: Structural Insights and Functional Implications

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • G. Mogni,
  • M. G. Mola,
  • B. Barile,
  • A. Memeo,
  • A. Cibelli,
  • P. Abbrescia,
  • A. Frigeri,
  • G. P. Nicchia

摘要

This chapter delves into the structural and functional roles of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in astrocytes. AQP4, a pivotal water channel protein, is essential for brain water homeostasis, neuronal protection, and injury response. Structurally, AQP4 exists as M1 and M23 isoforms, forming orthogonal arrays of particles (OAPs) crucial for efficient water transport and the formation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Functionally, AQP4 maintains the extracellular environment, supports neuronal activity, and facilitates metabolic waste clearance via the glymphatic system. Dysregulation of AQP4 is implicated in neurological diseases such as gliomas and neuromyelitis optica, affecting brain edema and cell migration. In addition, AQP4 plays a critical role in neurodevelopment, influencing processes like neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Understanding AQP4’s diverse roles underscores its potential as a therapeutic target in treating neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.