Thangka, also referred to as Tangka, is a traditional scroll painting typically rendered on specially prepared fabrics or paper, primarily depicting the historical and cultural narratives of Buddhism. As one of the first groups of National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China, Thangka faces challenges in transmission within contemporary society. These difficulties arise from the extended duration of master-apprentice training, the significant reliance on individual artistic skill and emotional expression, and the declining interest among younger generations—factors that collectively hinder large-scale dissemination. To address these challenges, this study proposes employing scientific algorithms to systematically extract color and pattern elements from Thangka images and integrate them into modern cultural and creative product design. The research utilizes the K-means clustering algorithm to extract key color and pattern information from representative Thangka images and applies these data to the design and development of new products, thereby balancing traditional artistic value with contemporary market demands. The scope of this study includes color extraction, color analysis, and the exploration of these elements within modern design practices. By combining digital methods with artistic innovation, this study aims to effectively preserve and promote Thangka culture, infusing it with renewed vitality in contemporary society.