This research aims to construct a scientific and innovative evaluation scheme for airline safety management maturity based on human factors. By comprehensively applying methods such as reference to regulations and standards, reverse inference from accident cases, benchmarking against industry best practices, and integration of expert experience, a multi - dimensional evaluation index system is carefully designed. A comprehensive evaluation model integrating the improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Dynamic Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method, and Extended Grey Relational Analysis Method is constructed. Taking the simulated data of a medium - sized airline as a verification case, the results show that this model can accurately identify the short - boards in safety management. After implementing targeted improvement measures, the safety management maturity has been significantly improved.