As global energy demand continues to rise, the importance of residential energy efficiency is becoming increasingly evident. This paper explores the application of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) in smart home systems, aiming to optimize residents’ energy consumption management through innovative interaction designs. Although the market offers a variety of energy-saving smart home products, there is a common issue of insufficient user willingness to save energy and low participation, which significantly limits the effectiveness of residential energy-saving measures. This research emphasizes how HCI can drive an increase in users’ motivation to focus on energy conservation. Through intuitive interfaces and interactive experiences, energy-saving measures become more accessible, controllable, and sustainable. By providing personalized feedback, real-time monitoring, and automatic adjustments, residents gain a deeper understanding of their energy consumption patterns and are inspired to take proactive steps to reduce energy wastage. Furthermore, the study identifies key interaction design strategies—such as gamified feedback and user guidance—to overcome engagement barriers among different user groups. The findings highlight the pivotal role of HCI in advancing residential energy conservation and enhancing residents’ quality of life.