As global data privacy regulations evolve, privacy policies play a critical role in informing users about data collection and processing practices. However, their excessive length, complexity, and technical jargon often hinder user comprehension and informed consent. Existing research on privacy policies has largely focused on English-language documents, leaving non-English-speaking regions underexplored. This study addresses this gap by analyzing over 2,400 privacy policies on websites in China, Japan, and South Korea, evaluating their compliance with national regulations–China’s PIPL, Japan’s APPI, and South Korea’s PIPA. Using language detection, text mining, and compliance analysis, we examined adherence to legal standards and identified disparities across languages. Our findings highlight the need for improved clarity, compliance, and multilingual accessibility in privacy policy design. By integrating insights from HCI and AI-driven text analysis, this research advances understanding of global privacy practices and informs the development of user-centered approaches to enhance transparency and trust in digital environments.

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Designing for Transparency: An Analysis of Multilingual Privacy Policies in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Contexts

  • Muhammad Hassan,
  • Masooda Bashir,
  • Yuanye Ma

摘要

As global data privacy regulations evolve, privacy policies play a critical role in informing users about data collection and processing practices. However, their excessive length, complexity, and technical jargon often hinder user comprehension and informed consent. Existing research on privacy policies has largely focused on English-language documents, leaving non-English-speaking regions underexplored. This study addresses this gap by analyzing over 2,400 privacy policies on websites in China, Japan, and South Korea, evaluating their compliance with national regulations–China’s PIPL, Japan’s APPI, and South Korea’s PIPA. Using language detection, text mining, and compliance analysis, we examined adherence to legal standards and identified disparities across languages. Our findings highlight the need for improved clarity, compliance, and multilingual accessibility in privacy policy design. By integrating insights from HCI and AI-driven text analysis, this research advances understanding of global privacy practices and informs the development of user-centered approaches to enhance transparency and trust in digital environments.