The edited book aims to showcase the latest advancements in criminology as a discipline within the Polish context. By compiling and disseminating this knowledge in English, it seeks to bridge the gap between Polish criminological research and the wider international audience. This book will facilitate the exchange of ideas, theories, and research findings by contributing to the advancement of criminology as a whole. This chapter serves as a comprehensive introduction to the entire volume. It provides essential background information to enhance the understanding of the subsequent sections. It includes a very brief historical overview that evaluates key elements of Polish history. Finally, this section also highlights the unique socio-cultural context of Poland and its influence on crime patterns and responses to criminal behaviour. Finally, this chapter provides the foundation for the arguments presented in the rest of the book.